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Diagnostic (cont.)

  • MRI:

    • Abnormal if disc herniation or acute ligamentous injury
    • Cervical HNP seen in 10 % of asymptomatic persons under 40 years and 5 % of those over 40 years (Boden, et al JBJS: 1990)
    • Degenerative disc changes present in 25 % of asymptomatic adults under 40 years, 60 % of those over 40 years and 70 % over 70 years
  • CT with/without myelogram

    • Best for bony changes, spinal or foraminal stenosis

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