3. Pain Generators:

3. Pain Generators:
• Musculotendinous:
  • Anterior sternocleidomastoids/scalenes
  • Paravertebrals
  • Extrinsic shoulder muscles with cervical attachment
  • trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi
• Ligaments via stretch or tear injuries:
  • C1/C2 stability: transverse, alar and atlantoaxial ligaments
  • flexion/extension stability: ALL, PLL
  • flexion stability: ligamentum flavum, supra and interspinous ligaments, ligamentum nuchae

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