Table of Contents
Diagnosing Low Back Pain
I. History:
I. History: (cont.)
Pain Specifics:
Red Flags:
II. Examination:
A. Physical:
A. Physical: (cont.)
B. Symptom Magnification Examination:
C. Pathological Examination:
III. Low Back Pain:
A. Epidemiology:
B. Disability:
C. Lifetime Return to Work:
D. Occupational Risk Factors:
E. Differential Diagnoses:
F. Diagnostic Tools: Laboratory
F. Diagnostic Tools: Radiographs
F. Diagnostic Tools: EMG / NCV, Bone scan
F. Diagnostic Tools: Myelogram
F. Diagnostic Tools: CT with myelogram
F. Diagnostic Tools: CT
F. Diagnostic Tools: Discography
F. Diagnostic Tools: MRI
F. Diagnostic Tools: MRI (cont.)
F. Diagnostic Tools: MRI with Gadolinium contrast
F. Diagnostic Tools: Psychological tools
MRI Nomenclature: (PER NASS)
Specificity / Sensitivity
G. Treatment: Medications
G. Treatment: Physical therapy, Injections
G. Treatment: Surgery
G. Treatment: Chemonucleolysis, IDET, Alternative
IV. Specific Disorder Considerations
A. Sacroiliitis: History, Biomechanics
A. Sacroiliitis: Differential Diagnosis
A. Sacroiliitis: Differential Diagnosis (cont.)
A. Sacroiliitis: Diagnostic Tools, Treatment
B. Cauda Equina Syndrome: History, Treatment
C. DDD and Spondylosis: Clinical
C. DDD and Spondylosis: Treatment
D. Spinal Stenosis: Treatment
D. Spinal Stenosis: Diagnosis, Treatment
E. “HNP”: Clinical
E. “HNP”: Treatment
F. Pars Interarticularis Defects: Spondylolysis
F. Pars Interarticularis Defects: Spondylolisthesis, Treatment
V. Chronic Pain Issues
A. Pain Reinforcing Factors:
B. Risk Factors for Delayed Recovery:
C. Discouraging Chronic Pain:
D. Considerations of PM & R Treatment:
E. Final Thoughts:
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